AGENDA¶

Why OOP in engineering?
Class basics
Constructors, methods, attributes
const correctness, getters, setters
Example: Sensor class
Mini exercises

Why Object-Oriented Programming?¶

Organize code around data and behavior
Reusable, modular, and testable components
Makes simulation and modeling easier
Perfect for embedded and power systems (sensors, controllers, devices)

Class Basics¶

A class defines data (attributes) and functions (methods).

class Sensor {
public:
    void SetValue(double v) { m_Value = v; }
    double GetValue() const { return m_Value; }
private:
    double m_Value;
};

Creating and Using Objects¶

int main() {
    Sensor s;
    s.SetValue(23.5);
    cout << "Sensor value: " << s.GetValue() << endl;
}

Constructors¶

Initialize attributes automatically when an object is created.

class Sensor {
public:
    Sensor(const std::string& n, double v = 0.0) : m_Name(n), m_Value(v) {}
    void SetValue(double v) { m_Value = v; }
    double GetValue() const { return m_Value; }
    string GetName() const { return m_Name; }
private:
    std::string m_Name;
    double m_Value;
};

Example: Sensor Class in Action¶

src/main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "sensor.h"
using namespace std;

int main() {
    vector<Sensor> sensors = {
        Sensor("Temperature"),
        Sensor("Voltage"),
        Sensor("Current")
    };

    sensors[0].SetValue(24.3);
    sensors[1].SetValue(3.3);
    sensors[2].SetValue(1.2);

    cout << "=== Sensor Readings ===" << endl;
    for (const auto& s : sensors)
        cout << s.GetName() << ": " << s.GetValue() << endl;
}

Example: Sensor Class in Action¶

sensor.hpp¶

#pragma once
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Sensor {
public:
    Sensor(string n, double v = 0.0);
    void SetValue(double v);
    double GetValue() const;
    std::string GetName() const;
private:
    string m_Name;
    double m_Value;
};

Example: Sensor Class in Action¶

sensor.cpp¶

#include "sensor.h"

Sensor::Sensor(string n, double v) : m_Name(n), m_Value(v) {}

void Sensor::SetValue(double v) { m_Value = v; }

double Sensor::GetValue() const { return m_Value; }

std::string Sensor::GetName() const { return m_Name; }

Example: Sensor Class in Action¶

const Correctness¶

Mark methods that don't modify data as const
Example:

double GetValue() const { return m_Value; }

Prevents accidental modification of internal state.

Add Derived Behavior¶

Extend class with computed values or conditions.

class Sensor {
    ...
    bool IsAbove(double threshold) const {
        return m_Value > threshold;
    }
};

Example Extension¶

cout << "High Temperature Sensors:" << endl;
for (const auto& s : sensors) {
    if (s.IsAbove(20.0))
        cout << s.GetName() << " = " << s.GetValue() << endl;
}

Survival Package (OOP)¶

class, private, public
constructor, getter, setter
const for read-only methods
Separate interface (.hpp) and implementation (.cpp)
Organize with src/ and inc/

Wrap-Up¶

Learned fundamentals of classes in C++
Built a reusable Sensor class
Practiced encapsulation and const correctness